Develop a stepwise integrated method to screen biomarkers of Baihe-Dihuang Tang on the treatment of depression in rats applying with composition screened,untargeted, and targeted metabolomics analysis

Baihe-Dihuang Tang is a commonly prescribed remedy for depression. In this study, component screening with untargeted and targeted metabolomics was used to identify potential biomarkers for depression in chronic unpredictable mildly stressed rats. Using this novel identification method, the screening of organic acids, lily saponins, iridoids, and other ingredients formed the basis for subsequent metabolomics research. Baihe-Dihuang Tang supplementation in chronic unpredictable mild-stress-induced depression models, increased their body weight, sucrose preference, brain-derived neurotrophic factor deposition, and spatial exploring. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that Baihe-Dihuang Tang exerts its antidepressant effects by regulating the levels of lipids, organic acids, and its derivatives, and benzenoids in the brain, plasma, and urine of the depressed rats. Moreover, it also modulates the d -glutamine and d -glutamate metabolism and purine metabolism. Targeted metabolomics demonstrated significant reduction in l -glutamate levels in the brains of depressed rats. This could be a potential biomarker for depression. Baihe-Dihuang Tang alleviated depression by regulating the levels of l -glutamate, xanthine, and adenine in the brains of depressed rats. Together, these findings conclusively established the promising therapeutic effect of Baihe-Dihuang Tang on depression and also unraveled the underlying molecular mechanism of its potential antidepressant function.     

Theoretical Investigations on Photodissociation Dynamics of Deuterated Alkyl Halides CD3CH2F

The product branching ratio between different products in multichannel reactions is as important as the overall rate of reaction, both in terms of practical applications (\emph{e.g}. models of combustion or atmosphere chemistry) in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of such chemical reactions. A global ground state potential energy surface for the dissociation reaction of deuterated alkyl halide CD\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}F was computed at the CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory for all species. The decomposition of CD\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}F is controversial concerning C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}F bond dissociation reaction and molecular (HF, DF, H\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}, D\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}, HD) elimination reaction. Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations were applied to compute the rate constants for individual reaction steps and the relative product branching ratios for the dissociation products were calculated using the steady-state approach. At the different energies studied, the RRKM method predicts that the main channel for DF or HF elimination from 1, 2-elimination of CD\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}F is through a four-center transition state, whereas D\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} or H\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} elimination from 1, 1-elimination of CD\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}F occurs through a direct three-center elimination. At 266, 248, and 193 nm photodissociation, the main product CD\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}+DF branching ratios are computed to be 96.57%, 91.47%, and 48.52%, respectively; however, at 157 nm photodissociation, the product branching ratio is computed to be 16.11%. Based on these transition state structures and energies, the following photodissociation mechanisms are suggested: at 266, 248, 193 nm, CD\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}F\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}absorption of a photon\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}TS5\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}the formation of the major product CD\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}+DF; at 157 nm, CD\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}CH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}F\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}absorption of a photon\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}D/F interchange of TS1\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}CDH\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}CDF\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}H/F interchange of TS2\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}CHD\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}CHDF\begin{document}$ \rightarrow $\end{document}the formation of the major product CHD\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}+CHDF.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量元素

为准确定量拟黑多刺蚁体内的微量元素,采用微波消解法,以HNO_(3)-H_(2)O_(2)混合酸为消解体系对样品进行前处理,选择合适的同位素,以^(103)Rh为内标测定^(52)Cr、^(55)Mn、^(60)Ni、^(63)Cu、^(66)Zn、^(75)As、^(78)Se、^(88)Sr和^(114)Cd,以^(185)Re为内标测定^(202)Hg和^(208)Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量元素的方法。实验发现,以HNO_(3)-H_(2)O_(2)为消解体系,样品消解完全;采用KED模式消除质谱干扰,以内标法校正基体效应;通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.0005~0.011 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.0016~0.033 mg/kg。对拟黑多刺蚁实际样品进行测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.2%~5.5%,加标回收率为91.2%~107%;经过实验室间比对实验,相对偏差为-3.15%~2.74%;测定六个不同产地的拟黑多刺蚁样品,结果显示不同产地样品除Cd外,其他10种微量元素的含量均存在较大差异。测定结果稳定可靠,能满足拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量金属元素含量的分析检测要求。     

-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硅锰冶炼渣中8种金属元素

实验采用HCl-HNO₃-HF-HClO₄混合酸为消解体系对样品进行前处理,加入1.0 mL盐酸羟胺溶液(100 g/L)溶解残渣,选择合适的同位素,以¹⁰³Rh为内标测定Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Cd,以¹⁹³Ir为内标测定Tl和Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定硅锰冶炼渣中8种重金属元素的方法。实验发现,样品前处理选择HCl∶HNO₃∶HF∶HClO₄=5∶5∶5∶1,并在复溶阶段加入1.0 mL盐酸羟胺溶液(100 g/L)可以完全消解样品,实验采用KED模式和干扰系数校正法消除质谱干扰,样品中待测元素的测定结果不受基体成分的干扰。通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.9999,方法检出限为0.006~0.19 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.018~0.57 mg/kg。对硅锰渣实际样品进行测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在0.83%~4.1%,加标回收率为94.7%~106%;经过人员比对实验,相对偏差为-4.54%~4.24%。测定结果稳定可靠,能满足硅锰冶炼渣中8种微量金属元素含量的分析检测要求。     

Multi-functional cotton textiles design using in situ generating zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) for effective UV resistance,antibacterial activity,and self-cleaning

Cellulose - In this study, a multifunctional cotton fabric with durable superhydrophobic, antibacterial, and UV resistance properties was prepared by in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate...     

原位合成H2O2在水处理技术中的应用研究进展

从过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的原位生成技术角度总结了近年来利用原位合成H₂O₂处理水中污染物的研究,分析了当前可充当氢源材料的种类及不同的氢源材料对于提高H₂O₂产率的影响,以及不同的催化剂材料和催化反应环境提高H₂O₂利用率对污染处理效果的影响因素,并对原位合成H₂O₂在水处理领域中面临的挑战和发展前景做了展望,从而为该技术的大规模应用提供指导和借鉴。     

Organocatalytic asymmetric [3 + 3] annulation of isatin N,N'-cyclic azomethine imines with enals: Efficient approach to functionalized spiro N-heterocyclic oxindoles

An unprecedented chiral secondary amine-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of isatin N,N'-cyclic azomethine imines with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was developed. This strategy allowed the construction of structurally novel spiro N-heterocyclic oxindole derivatives in good yields (up to 91%) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee), albeit with modest diastereoselectivities (up to 3.1:1 dr).     

L-Arginine/nanofish bone nanocomplex enhances bone regeneration via antioxidant activities and osteoimmunomodulatory properties

In this study,a promising strategy has been developed to promote bone regeneration by combining antioxidant activities and osteoimmunomodulatory properties.Herein,an L-arginine/nanofish bone(Arg/NFB) nanocomplex has been prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.The Arg/NFB nanocomplex possesses good antioxidant activities and could modulate the polarization of non-activated macrophage into different types and induce the secretion of pre-inflammato ry,anti-inflammatory,osteogenic as well as angiogenic cytokines.Additionally,the regulated immune microenvironment can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells(MC3 T3-E1) and angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),leading to the improved formation of mineralized nodules,alkaline phosphatase activity and angiogenic effects.In vivo results with cranial defect models reveal that the treatment of Arg/NFB nanocomplex exhibited significant improvement of new bone formation and angiogenesis.All the results demonstrate Arg/NFB nanocomplex with antioxidant activities and osteoimmunomodulatory properties could be a new idea for developing the next generation of bone regeneration biomaterials.     

A bio‐safe cyclophosphazene derivative flame retardant for polylactic acid composites: Flammability and cytotoxicity

An efficient bio‐safe cyclophosphazene flame retardant, 1,5,9,13,16,20‐Hexaoxa‐7,14,21‐triaza‐6λ⁴,8λ⁴,5λ⁴‐triphosphatrispiro[5.1.5.1.5.1]heneicosa‐6,8(14),15(21)‐triene (HCPO), was synthesized, and then was incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) to improve the fire safety. The chemical structure of HCPO was confirmed by Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the compound was characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer. The cytotoxic effects of HCPO to cells were evaluated. Fire behavior and thermal stability of PLA composites were investigated by vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI), TG analysis, and cone calorimeter. The morphology of residual charring was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed HCPO was bio‐safe, and highly effective to enhance the flame retardancy of PLA composites. The LOI value was increased from 18.4 to 27.5 and UL‐94 grade achieved V‐0 for the PLA composite containing only 2% HCPO and 2% pentaerythrotol. It was demonstrated that intermolecular cross‐linking reaction between pentaerythrotol and HCPO in high temperature range could accelerate the formation of compact char layers.     

Research on mechanical and dielectric properties of XLPE cable under accelerated electrical‐thermal aging

Research into the electrical‐thermal aging properties of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has great significance, because of its wide application. This study conducted accelerated electrical‐thermal aging tests on 10‐kV XLPE cable in order to assess the cable's mechanical and dielectric properties. After being aged by applying 34.8‐kV AC voltage at the four temperatures of 90, 103, 114, and 135°C, the cable samples were taken out in five stages according to the aging time and cut into slices. The slices were conducted experiments to test the breaking elongation, tensile strength, gel content, breakdown voltage, and frequency spectrums of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and gel content of XLPE vary greatly under different aging temperatures, a finding that is associated with the crystallization characteristics of the material. The breakdown voltage shows a slight decreasing trend with aging time. The dielectric constant decreases with aging time in high‐frequency areas (10³–10⁶ Hz), while the dielectric loss factor increases with aging time at low frequencies (10^?2–0 Hz). These two parameters can be used to characterize the degree of aging in cable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.